1. What is a tourist submarine?
A tourist submarine is one atmosphref undersea
vessel that is designed to take passengers on underwater excursions.
For observation purposes, tourist submarines have transparent portholes
for external viewing. The term "one atmosphref"
means that the pressure inside the submarine never varies from sea
level regardless of operating depth. Typically,
dives on a tourist submarine are not more than one hour in duration
and operating depths vary between 20 to 80
m.
2. Is it safe?
The answer, in a word, is "very".
Today, you can take a trip on one of over 50 tourist submarines
in the world. The fleet has carried over
10 million passengers around the globe during almost thirty eight
years of its history, all in superior comfort
and safety. The result - the tourist submarine industry has a perfect
safety record, without a single serious
injury to any passenger.
3. What are the factors influencing safety?
Assurance of submersible safety begins with
the design process. Literally thousands of labour hours are required
and hundreds of drawings are generated.
Detailed calculations are required in any area of the design. All
materials to be used during construction
must be certified and specified beforehand. When the design is finally
complete it will be exhaustively analyzed
by the engineers of the regulatory agency and classification society,
and those plans that are satisfactory will
be approved. Once all plans have been authorized, construction may
commence. Society surveyors are on hand
for the construction process. They assure the quality of the materials
and the construction techniques. They monitor
and witness all the production process. Inspectors also verify the
installation and testing of mechanical and
electrical systems, check safety devices and examine critical dimensions.
The submarines are equipped with several pumps, fire fighting systems
and advanced life support system. The craft
is in constant contact with the surface support vessel via the underwater
sonar communication system, or when surfaced,
with a VHF radio. In a brief article it is impossible to describe
all the safety features in a contemporary
passenger submarine. But the main point is that the industry has
a perfect safety record and so, classified
passenger submarines are statistically the safest form of transportation
in the world today.
4. How deep can a tourist submarine go?
The submarine is certified to dive to a
maximum depth of 75 meters. The dive site area in the waters surrounding
Phuket is thirty meters.
5. What is the air pressure inside the cabin?
During a dive, the air inside the pressure
hull remains at the standard atmospheric surface pressure, regardless
of the submarine's depth. So unlike a Scuba
diver, who must be concerned about pressure forced physiological
effects, a submarine passenger can dive
deeper, and stay submerged for as long as possible.
6. How does the air inside the submarine stay fresh during
the excursion?
The submarine has a sophisticated central
air conditioning and life support system. Since the typical undersea
excursion lasts for one hour, the air supply
is enough for all the 51 people on board. The air is also dehumidified
and cooled if needed by air conditioning
system. Thref is also an instrument on board which controls the
quality of the air on board. For safety
reasons the submarine is equipped with a carbon dioxide scrubbing
system and oxygen is added to the cabin
to maintain an ambient atmosphref. So the carbon dioxide respired
during breathing might be scrubbed if it
is necessary out of the air by the special granular chemical contained
in the main scrubbing system.
7. How does the submarine
sail?
While surfaced, the submarine acts very
much like a normal boat, although the submarine is heavier and has
a lower profile. Cruising speed is approximately
3-4 knots on the surface. When the submarine is surfaced, the captain
controls the vessel from inside the cabin in the superstructure
(deck house). From href, he has an excellent
view and access to all the necessary instrumentation for control,
navigation and VHF radio communication.
When it is time to dive, the pilots closes the hatches and takes
necessary pre-checks. Then the pilot goes
below to the helm station. This is located in the bow, or front,
of the submarine. From thref pilots have an
excellent view through a large hemispherical viewport. Submerged
cruising speed is between 1-2 knots to allow
for maximum viewing pleasure. The submarine is always accompanied
by a surface escort boat, which maintains
constant contact with the submarine during the dive via underwater
sonar communication system (underwater telephone).
During undersea operations a surface officer aboard escort vessel
tracks the submarine location and makes
sure that thref are no vessel traffic conflicts when the submarine
surfaces.
Dive Schedule : Below is the
daily dive schedule for the most technologically advanced submarine
in
the world, the Deepstar48.
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